During the nighttime you become harder to see (your visibility goes down), so it DOES affect zed in that manner. It's still not as significant a change for them as day to night is for us, though.
I can confirm that items stay on the ground where they were for quite some time, but if they aren't in a car or tent, a server restart will clear them. If there is a despawn timer for dropped goods, it is probably quite lengthy (10+ minutes or so?).